JOURNAL ARTICLE NEWS

This sample newsfeed is taken from Leatherhead Food Research's FoodlineWeb Science database. If you are interested in a similar newsfeed on your site, either on mycotoxins or a wide range of other subjects, please contact Catherine Entwisle.

17 March 2010

Aflatoxin occurrence in nuts and commercial nutty products in Malaysia.

The results of a survey of the presence and content of aflatoxins B1 B2 G1 and G2 in raw peanuts peanut products walnuts peanut cakes confectionery and bakery products 196 in total in Malaysia are presented. Thirty two of the 196 samples 16 contained aflatoxins and the total aflatoxin content varied between about 17 and 711 mcg/kg.

Ref: Food Control, March 21 3 334 338 19 ref. , Leong Y.H. Ismail N. Latif A.A. Ahmad R., (Foodline ref: 792647)

Occurrence of deoxynivalenol in durum wheat in Tunisia.

Deoxynivalenol is a Fusarium mycotoxin that is prevalent as a contaminant in wheat. This survey of 65 samples of durum wheat grown in Tunisia shows that 54 83 were contaminated with deoxynivalenol at levels between 7.2 and 54 mg/kg. The maximum limit for deoxynivalenol in wheat in the EU is 1.75 mg/kg. Analysis for deoxynivalenol content was undertaken using immunoaffinity column clean up and HPLC combined with UV detection.

Ref: Food Control, March 21 3 281 285 46 ref. , Bensassi F. Zaied C. Abid S. Hajlaoui M.R. Bacha H., (Foodline ref: 792638)

Chemical and biological transformations for detoxification of trichothecene mycotoxins in human and animal food chains a review.

There are a number of trichothecene mycotoxins produced by fungi particularly Fusarium species that are found as contaminants on cereals. Trichothecene mycotoxins are a food safety and quality risk and maximum limits for their presence have been set. Removal of contaminated cereal grains and detoxification reactions are ways to reduce the risks. This review describes the performance and drawbacks of chemical treatments including alkalisation oxidation reduction heating and irradiation and biological treatments including microbial and enzyme mediated oxidation hydrolysis and hydration conjugation by glycosidation and isomerisation to reduce trichothecene levels in cereals.

Ref: Trends in Food Science and Technology, February 21 2 67 76 many ref. , He J. Zhou T. Young J.C. Boland G.J. Scott P.M., (Foodline ref: 792624)

Use of the modified quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe sample preparation approach for the simultaneous analysis of type A and B tricothecenes in wheat flour.

This paper describes the optimisation of a quick and easy method for the extraction and determination of five mycotoxins diacetoxyscirpenol T 2 toxin HT 2 toxin deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. The method involves simultaneous liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and uses a mixture of methanol/acetonitrile for optimum extraction. The recovery repeatability and reproducibility values obtained from this method satisfy Commission Directive 2005/26/EC for methods of analysis of fusarium toxins. Use of the method for the determination of mycotoxins in flour is described.

Ref: Journal of Chromatography A, February 26 1217 9 1437 1440, Sospedra I. Blesa J. Soriano J.M. Manes J., (Foodline ref: 792315)

Red ginseng extract protects against aflatoxin B1 and fumonisins induced hepatic pre cancerous lesions in rats.

The chemoprevention effects of ginseng extract against precancerous lesions in Sprague Dawley rats treated with aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin were examined. Sequential mycotoxin treatment induced significant changes in serum biochemical parameters and severe histological and histochemical changes of the liver tissue. Treatment with ginseng extract during before or after the treatment with the mycotoxins improved biochemical parameters and histological picture of the liver. Treatment with ginseng extract after the administration of the mycotoxins was more effective. The protective and therapeutic effects of ginseng extract are highlighted.

Ref: Food and Chemical Toxicology, February 48 2 733 742 many ref. , Abdel Wahhab M.A. Hassan N.S. el Kady A.A. Khadrawy Y.A. el Nekeety A.A. Mohamed S.R. Sharaf H.A. Mannaa F.A., (Foodline ref: 792125)

Exposure of newborns to aflatoxin M1 and B1 from mothers' breast milk in Ankara Turkey.

Aflatoxin M1 and B1 levels in breast milk were determined using HPLC with a fluorescence detector following an extraction process. The limit of detection was determined. Both aflatoxins were detected in all breast milk samples. The exposure of mothers and neonates to aflatoxin M1 and B1 and the need for further research on mycotoxin contamination in foods and biological fluids together with protection strategies are discussed.

Ref: Food and Chemical Toxicology, January 48 1 314 319 38 ref. , Gurbay A. Sabuncuoglu S.A. Girgin G. Sahin G. Yigit S. Yurdakok M. Tekinalp G., (Foodline ref: 791851)

Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk of five dairy species in Ahvaz Iran.

Samples of raw milk from cow water buffalo camel sheep and goat were collected and analysed for the presence of aflatoxin M1 using competitive ELISA. Incidence rates of aflatoxin M1 in the different milks were determined. The concentration of aflatoxin M1 in all samples was lower than the Iranian national standard and FDA limit but in some samples of raw cows' milk water buffalo milk sheep's milk and raw goats' milk levels were higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by EU/Codex Alimentarius Commission. The safety of milk of camel goat and sheep in terms of aflatoxin M1 contamination in this area is highlighted.

Ref: Food and Chemical Toxicology, January 48 1 129 131 37 ref. , Rahimi E. Bonyadian M. Rafei M. Kazemeini H.R., (Foodline ref: 791837)