References

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Anon (1995). AOAC Research Institute update: "Veratox for vomitoxin test kit ‘performance tested’ certified." Journal of AOAC International, 78, 180A-83A.

Barmark, A.-L & Larsson, K. (1994). "Immunoaffinity column cleanup/liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins: an interlaboratory study." Journal of AOAC International, 77, 46-53.

Bennett, G.A., Nelsen, T.C. & Miller, B.M. (1994). "Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of zearalenone in corn, wheat and pig feed: collaborative study." Journal of AOAC International, 77, 1500-9. (AOAC Official Method 994.01).

Boonzaaijen, G., Van Rooijen, J.J. & Hoffland, N. (2001). Analysis of fumonisins B1 and B2 in maize products. A poster presentation at "The World Mycotoxin Forum 2001", p. 93. Netherlands.

Cahill, L.M., Kruger, S., McAlice, B.T., Ramsey, C.S., Prioli, R. & Kohn, B. (1999). "Quantification of deoxynivalenol in wheat using an immunoaffinity column and liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A, 859, 23-8.

Candlish, A.G., Aidoo, K.E., Smith, J.E. & Pearson, S.M. (2000). "A limited survey of aflatoxins and fumonisins in retail maize based products in the UK using immunoassay detection." Mycotoxin Research, 16, 2-9.

Casanova, C., Garre, J., Pujola, M. & Sancho, J. (1995). Identification and semi-quantification of aflatoxins in maize. Alimentaria, 32, 45-7.

Castellari, M., Fabbri, S., Fabiani, A. Amati, A. & Galassi, S. (2000). "Comparison of different immunoaffinity clean-up procedures for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of ochratoxin A in wines." Journal of Chromatography A, 888, 129-36.

Daradimos, E., Marcaki, P. & Koupparis, M. (2000). "Evaluation and validation of two fluorometric HPLC methods for the determination of aflatoxin B1 in olive oil." Food Additives and Contaminants, 17, 65-73.

Dorner, J.W., Blankenship, P.D. & Cole, R.J. (1993). "Performance of two immunochemical assays in the analysis of peanuts for aflatoxin at 37 field laboratories." Journal of AOAC International, 76, 637-43.

Dragacci, S., Grosso, F. & Gilbert, J. (2001). "Immunoaffinity column cleanup with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxin M1 in liquid milk: collaborative study." Journal of AOAC International, 84, 437-43. (AOAC Official Method 2000.08).

Dreher, R.M. & Usleber, E. (1996). "Comparison study of a fumonisin enzyme immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography." in "Immunoassays for residue analysis: food safety". proceedings of a symposium, Anaheim, April 1995. Beier, R.C. & Stanker, L.H. (Eds.), pp. 341-48, Washington D.C., ACS.

Duncan, K., Kruger, S., Zabe, N., Kohn, B. & Prioli, R. (1998). "Improved fluorometric and chromatographic methods for the quantification of fumonisins B(1), B(2) and B(3)." Journal of Chromatography A, 31, 41-47. 

Entwisle, A.C., Williams, A.C., Mann, P.J., Slack, P.T. & Gilbert, J. (2000). "Liquid chromatographic method with immunoaffinity column cleanup for determination of ochratoxin A in barley: collaborative study." Journal of AOAC International, 83, 1377-83. (AOAC Official Method 2000.08)

Entwisle, A.C., Williams, A.C., Mann, P.J., Russell, J., Slack, P.T. & Gilbert, J. (2001). "Combined phenyl silane and immunoaffinity column cleanup with liquid chromatography for determination of ochratoxin A in roasted coffee: collaborative study." Journal of AOAC International, 84, 444-50. (AOAC Official Method 2000.09).

Eskola, M., Kokkonen, M., Rizzo, A. (2002). "Application of Manual and Automated Systems for Purification of Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone in Cereals using Immunoaffinity Columns." Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 50 (1) 41 - 47.

Gareis, M. & Scheuer, R. (2000). "Ochratoxin A in meat and meat products." Archiv fur Lebensmittelhygiene, 51, 102-4.

Hoyland, D., Lundi, H.I., Foley, A., Gallagher, M., Marley, E. & Donnelly, C. (2001). "Assessment by Nestlé UK of Ochrascan, a rapid screening test for ochratoxin A in coffee." A poster. IUPAC Mycotoxin Meeting 2000, Brazil.

Ioannou - Kakouri, E., Christodoulidou, M., Christou, E. & Constantinidou, E. (1995). "Immunoaffinity column/HPLC determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk." Food and Agricultural Immunology, 7, 131-7.

Kruger, S.C., Kohn, B., Ramsey, C.S. & Prioli, R. (1999). "Rapid immunoaffinity-based method for determination of zearalenone in corn by fluorometry and liquid chromatography." Journal of AOAC International, 82, 1364-9.

Leoni, L.A., Soares, L.M. & Oliveira, P.L. (2000). "Ochratoxin A in Brazilian roasted and instant coffees." Food Additives and Contaminants, 17, 867-70.

Leszczynska, J., Kucharska, U. & Zegota, H. (2000). "Aflatoxins in nuts assayed by immunological methods." European Food Research and Technology, 210, 213-5.

MacDonald, S., Wilson, P., Barnes, K., Damant, A., Massey, R., Mortby, E. & Shepherd, M.J. (1999). "Ochratoxin A in dried vine fruit: method development and survey." Food Additives and Contaminants, 16, 253-60.

Markaki P., Delpont-Binet, c., Grosso, F., Dragacci, S. (2001). "Determination of Ochratoxin A in Red Wine and Vinegar by Immunoaffinity High Pressure liquid Chromatography. "Journal of Food Protection" 64 (4) 531 - 537.

Marley, E., Nicol, B., Bony, M., Gallagher, M. & Donnelly, C. (2001). "Experience in the development of mycotoxin methods using different test formats of food matrices." A poster presentation at "IUPAC Mycotoxin Meeting" in 2000, Brazil.

Meister, U. (1999). "Effect of extraction and extract purification on the measurable fumonisin content of maize and maize products. Tests on the efficiency of acid extraction and use of immunoaffinity columns." Mycotoxin Research, 15, 13-24.

Ostry, V. & Ruprich, J. (1998). "Determinaiton of mycotoxin fumonisins in gluten-free diet (corn-based commodities) in the Czech Republic." Central European Journal of Public Health, 6, 57-60.

Park, D.L., Miller, B.M., Nesheim, S., Trucksess, M.W., Vekich, A., Bidigare, B., McVey, J.L. & Brown, L.H. (1989). "Visual and semi-quantitative spectrophotometric ELISA screening method for aflatoxin B1 in corn and peanut products. Follow-up collaborative study." Journal of AOAC, 72, 638-643. (AOAC Official Method 990.32. in Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (1999), 16^th Edition, Vol. II, Chapter 49, 16-8.

Pascale, M. and Visconti A. (2000). "Rapid Method for the Determination of Ochratoxin A in Urine by Immunoaffinity Column Clean-up and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." Mycopathologia 152: 91 - 95.

Patey, A.L., Sharman, M. & Gilbert, J. (1992). "Determination of total aflatoxin levels in peanut butter by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: collaborative study." Journal of AOAC International, 75, 693-697. (AOAC Official Method 991.45. in "Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (1999), 16th Edition, Vol. II, Chapter 49, 11A-B.

Pittet, A., Tornare, D., Huggett, A. & Viani, R. (1996). "Liquid chromatographic determination of ochratoxin A in pure and adulterated soluble coffee using an immunoaffinity column cleanup procedure." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44, 3564-9.

Roos, A.H., Van der Kamp, H.J. & Marley, E.C. (1997). "Comparison of immunoaffinity columns with florisil/C18 columns for the determination of aflatoxins in animal feed and maize." Mycotoxin Research, 13, 2-11.

Rosenberg, E., Krska, R., Wissiack, R., Kmetov, V., Josephs, R., Razzazi, E. & Grasserbauer, M. (1998). "High-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric-pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry as a new tool for the determination of the mycotoxin zearalenone in food and feed." Journal of Chromatography A, 819, 277-88.

Ruprich, J. & Ostry, V. (1995). "Determination of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in beer by commercial ELISA tests and estimation of the exposure dose from beer for the population in the Czech Republic." Central European Journal of Public Health, 3, 224-9.

Sibanda, L., De Saeger, S. & Van Peteghem, C. (1999). "Development of a portable field immunoassay for the detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk." International Journal of Food microbiology, 48, 203-9.

Saitanu, K. (1997). "Incidence of aflatoxin M1 in Thai milk products." Journal of Food Protection, 60, 1010-2.

Scott, P.M. and Kanhere S.R. (1995). "Determination of Ochratoxin A in Beer." Food Additives and Contaminants 12(4): 591 - 598.

Scott, P.M., Lawrence, G. A. & Lombaert, G.A. (1999). "Studies on extraction of fumonisins from rice, corn-based foods and beans." Mycotoxin Research, 15, 50-61.

Scudamore, K.A. & MacDonald, S.J. (1998). "A collaborative study of an HPLC method for determination of ochratoxin A in wheat using immunoaffinity column clean up." Food Additives and Contaminants, 15, 401-10.

Solfrizzo, M., Avantaggiato, G. & Visconti, A. (1998). "Use of various clean-up procedures for the analysis of ochratoxin A in cereals." Journal of Chromatography A, 815, 67-73.

Solfrizzo, M., De Girolamo, A. & Visconti, A. (2001). "Determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 in cornflakes by high performance liquid chromatography and immunoaffinity clean-up." Food Additives and Contaminants, 18, 227-35.

Stroka, J.A.E., Jorissen, U. & Gilbert, J. (2000). "Immunoaffinity column cleanup with liquid chromatography using post-column bromination for determination of aflatoxins in peanut butter, pistachio paste, fig paste and paprika powder: collaborative study." Journal of AOAC International, 83, 320-40. (AOAC Official Method 999.07).

Stroka, J.A.E., et al (2000a). "Immunoaffinity column clean up prior to thin layer chromatography for the determination of aflatoxins in various food matrices." Journal of Chromatography A, 904, 251-6.

Tacke, B.K. & Casper, H.H. (1996). "Determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat, barley and malt by column cleanup and gas chromatography with electron capture detection." Journal of AOAC International, 79, 472-5.

Trucksess, M.W., Stack, M.E., Nesheim, S., Park, D.L. & Pohland, A.E. (1989). "Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay of aflatoxins B1, B2 and G1 in corn, cotton seed, peanuts, peanut butter and poultry feed. Collaborative study." Journal of AOAC, 72, 957-62. (AOAC Official Method 990.34. in Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (1999), 16th Edition, Vol. II, Chapter 49, 6-8.

Trucksess, M.W., Stack, M.E., Nesheim, S., Page, S.W., Albert, R.H., Hansen, T.J. & Donahue, K.F. (1991). "Immunoaffinity column coupled with solution fluorometry or liquid chromatography postcolumn derivatisation for determination of aflatoxins in corn, peanuts and peanut butter: collaborative study." Journal of AOAC, 74, 81-8. (AOAC Official Method 991.31. in "Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (1999), 16th Edition, Volume II, Chapter 49, 20-21.)

Trucksess, M.W. & Stack, M.E. (1994). "Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of total aflatoxins B1, B2 and G1 in corn. Follow-up collaborative study." Journal of AOAC International, 77, 655-8. (AOAC Official Method 993.16. in "Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (1999), 16th Edition, Vol. II, Chapter 49, 13-4.

Visconti, A., Pascale, M. & Centonze, G. (2001a). "Determination of ochratoxin A in wine and beer by immunoaffinity column clean-up and LC analysis with fluorometric detection: Collaborative study". Journal of AOAC International 84(6): 1818 - 1827. (AOAC Official Method 2001.01).

Visconti, A., Solfrizzo, M. & de Girolamo, A. (2001b). "Determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 in corn and corn products by high performance liquid chromatography and immunoaffinity column clean-up: collaborative study". Journal of AOAC International 84 (6): 1828 - 1837.

Visconti, A., Solfrizzo, M. & de Girolamo, A. & Boenke, A. (2001c). "Determination of Fumonisins at levels of interest for future EU legislation: Development of an analytical method and interlaboratory validation for maize flour and cornflakes". Project Report, Contract No. SMT4-CT97-2193, EUR 19096 EN, edited by the European Commission, Directorate-General XII-Science, Research and Development, pp.95.

Visconti, A., Solfrizzo, M. & de Girolamo, A. (2000). "New fumonisin analytical method." Inside Laboratory Management, 4, 7-8.

Visconti, A., Michelangelo, P. & Centonze, G. (2000). "Determination of ochratoxin A in domestic and imported beers in Italy by immunoaffinity clean-up and liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A, 888, 321-6.

Visconti A., Pascale M. et al. (1999). "Determination of Ochratoxin A in Wine by Means of Immunoaffinity Column Clean-up and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 864: 89 - 101.

Visconti, A. & Pascale, M. (1998). "Determination of zearalenone in corn by means of immunoaffinity clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection." Journal of Chromatography A, 815, 133-40.

Additional References

(useful articles on immunological techniques for mycotoxins)

Anon (1998). "Communications: analytical and detection procedures. Various authors." in "Mycotox 98: mycotoxins in the food chain - processing and toxicological aspects". proceedings of an international symposium, Toulouse, July 1998. Galtier, P. & Le Bars, J. (Eds.), pp. 501-13, Toulouse Ecole Nationale Veterinaire.

Bird C.B., Malone B., Rice L.G. (2002) "Determination of Total Fumonisins in Corn by Competitive Direct Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay: Collaborative Study."

Journal of AOAC International 85(2) : 404 - 410. Bony, M. (2000). "Methods for detecting mycotoxins. Industries Alimentaires et Agricoles." 117, 59-62.

Candlish, A.A.G. & Stinson, W.H. (1993). "Emerging techniques: Immunoaffinity chromatography." in "Chromatography of mycotoxins: Techniques & applications". Betina, V. (Ed.), pp. 86-114, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Chu, F.S. (2000). "Mycotoxin analysis: immunological techniques." in "Foodborne disease handbook", volume 3: plant toxicants. Hui, Y.H., Smith, R.A. & Spoerke, D.G. (Eds.), pp. 683-713, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker, New York.

De Girolamo, A., Solfrizzo, M., von Holst, C. & Visconti, A. (2001). "Comparison of different extraction and clean-up procedures for the determination of fumonisins in maize and maize-based food products." Food Additives and Contaminants, 18, 59-67.

De Saeger S., Sibanda L., Desmet A., Van Peteghem C. (2002) "A Collaborative Study to Validate Novel Field Immunoassay Kits for Rapid Mycotoxin Detection." International Journal of Food Microbiology (May 5) 75 (1 - 2) 135 - 142.

De Saeger S., Sibanda L., Van Peteghem C. (2001). "Flow-through Enzyme Immunoassay Kits for the Rapid Detection of the Mycotoxins Ochratoxin A, T-2 Toxin and Aflatoxin M₁ in Food and Feed." in "Rapid Detection Assays for Food and Water - Proceedings of the International Conference on Developments in Rapid Diagnostic Methods: Water and Food." York March 1999. Clark S., Thompson K.C., Keevil C.W., Smith M. Cambridge RSC 2001 202 - 205.

Diaz, S., Moreno, M.A., Prieta, J. & Dominguez, L. (1994). "Aflatoxins in milk and milk products: a review of analytical techniques, including dialysis methods." Alimentaria, 258, 19-23.

Dragacci, S & Fremy, J.M. (1998). "Proficiency testing for aflatoxin M1 monitoring programme: a five-year experience in France." in "Mycotoxins and phycotoxins - developments in chemistry, toxicology and food safety: proceedings of the Ninth International IUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins, Rome, May 1996". Miraglia, M. (Ed.), pp. 151-7, Fort Collins Alaken Inc.

Frayssinet, C., Fremy, J.M. & Dragacci, S. (1997). "Mycotoxins." in "Analysis of food consitituents". Multon, J.-L (Ed.), pp.379-423, Wiley-VCH, New York.

Gilbert, J. (1993). "Recent advances in analytical methods for mycotoxins. "Food Additives and Contaminants, 10, 37-48.

Josephs, R.D., Schuhmacher, R. & Krska, R. (2001). "International interlaboratory study for the determination of the Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in agricultural commodities." Food Additives and Contaminants, 18, 417-30.

Krska, R. & Josephs, R. (2001). "The state-of-the-art in the analysis of estrogenic mycotoxins in cereals." Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 369, 469-76.

Miraglia, M. & Brera, C. (2000). "Determination of mycotoxins in grains and related products." in "Food analysis by HPLC". Nollet, L.M.L. (Ed.), pp. 493-522, 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, New York.

Park, D.L., Whitaker, T.B.,Giesbrecht, F.G. & Njapau, H. (2000). "Performance of three pneumatic probe samplers and four analytical methods used to estimate aflatoxins in bulk cottonseed." Journal of AOAC International, 83, 1247-51.

Scott, P.M. & Trucksess, M.W. (1997). "Application of immunoaffinity columns to mycotoxin analysis." Journal of AOAC International, 80, 941-9.

Stroka, J., Petz, M. & Anklam, E. (2000). "Analytical methods for the determination of aflatoxins in various food matrices at concentrations regarding the limits set in European Regulation: Development, characteristics, limits." Mycotoxin Research, 16, 23-43.

Stroka, J., van Otterdijk, R. & Anklam, E. (2000). "Immunoaffinity column clean-up prior to thin-layer chromatography for the determination of aflatoxins in various food matrices." Journal of Chromatography A, 904, 251-6.

Stroka, J., Anklam, E., Jorissen, U. & Gilbert, J. (2000). "Immunoaffinity column cleanup with liquid chromatography using post-column bromination for determination of aflatoxins in peanut butter, pistachio paste, fig paste and paprika powder: collaborative study." Journal of AOAC International, 83, 320-40.

Stroka, J., Petz, M., Joerissen, U. & Anklam, E. (1999). "Investigation of various extractants for the analysis of aflatoxin B1 in different food and feed matrices." Food Additives and Contaminants, 16, 331-8.

Yu, F.-Y. & Chu, F.S. (1999). "Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against fumonisin B1." Food and Agricultural Immunology, 11, 297-306.